Archive for the ‘News’ Category

50th Anniversary of Jackson, Mississippi sit-in

Today marks the 50th anniversary of a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth’s lunch counter in Jackson, MS, which was the subject of a famous photograph. Notice that the protesters are both white and African American (otherwise it wouldn’t be as obvious an attempt to integrate):

Tougaloo College students and faculty attempt to integrate a lunch counter in Jackson, MS.

Tougaloo College students and faculty attempt to integrate a lunch counter in Jackson, MS.

Here is the article:
http://news.findlaw.com/apnews-lp/04da6897ba60404186136d9c14935efc

By EMILY WAGSTER PETTUS (AP)

JACKSON, Miss. (AP) — Mississippi will inaugurate a marker Tuesday recalling a civil rights protest 50 years ago when a white mob attacked a racially mixed group seated at a whites-only lunch counter.

On May 28, 1963, the mob attacked some Tougaloo College students and faculty members who opposed segregation by sitting at the whites-only counter at a Woolworth’s five-and-dime store in Jackson. Some of the peaceful demonstrators were beaten. Others were doused with ketchup, mustard and sugar.

The marker is part of the Mississippi Freedom Trail, a series of signs honoring those who challenged segregation. The sit-in was similar to other protests around the South and occurred two weeks before Mississippi NAACP leader Medgar Evers was assassinated in Jackson.

The Woolworth’s, which was located on a downtown Jackson street, closed decades ago.

Here is a link to a first-person account of one of the protesters who took part in the sit-ins in a different town in Mississippi. I have included an excerpt, but please read the whole account here:
http://new.gilderlehrman.org/sites/default/files/inline-pdfs/Mississippi%20Lunch%20Counter%20Sit_0.pdf

Mississippi Lunch Counter Sit-ins, 1963
 
From Anne Moody. Coming of Age in Mississippi.
 
“At exactly 11 a.m., Pearlena, Memphis, and I entered Woolworth’s from the rear entrance….before 11:15 we were occupying three seats at the previously segregated Woolworths lunch counter. In the beginning the waitresses seemed to ignore us, as if they really didn’t know what was going on. Our waitress walked past us a couple of times before she noticed we had stared to write our own orders down and realized we wanted service. She asked us what we wanted. We began to read to her from our order slips. She told us that we would be served at the back counter which was for Negroes…
 
‘”‘We would like to be served here,’ I said.
 
 ”The waitress started to repeat what she had said, then stopped in the middle of the sentence.
 
“She turned the lights out behind the counter, and she and the other waitresses almost ran to the back of the store, deserting all their white customers. I guess they thought that violence would start immediately after the whites at the counter realized what was going on.
 
 ”At noon, students from a nearby white high school started pouring in to Woolworth’s. When they first saw us they were sort of surprised. They didn’t know exactly how to react. A few started to heckle and the news men [by now this sit-in had attracted the attention of the local press] became interested again. Then the white students started chanting all kinds of anti-Negro slogans. We were called a little bit of everything. The rest of the seats except the three we were occupying had been roped off to prevent others from sitting down. A couple of boys took one end of the rope and made it into a hangman’s noose. Several attempts were made to put it around our necks. The crowd grew as more students and adults came in for lunch.
 
“We kept our eyes straight forward and did not look at the crowd except for occasional glances to see what was going on… Memphis suggested that we pray. We bowed our heads, and all hell broke loose. A man rushed forward, threw Memphis from his seat, and slapped my face. Then another man who worked in the store threw me against the adjoining counter…
 
“Down on my knees on the floor, I saw Memphis lying near the lunch counter with blood running out of the corners of his mouth. As he tried to protect his face, the man who’d thrown him down kept kicking him in the head…”

New discoveries about Jamestown

Remember “Starving Time in Virginia?” When the Jamestown settlers nearly starved? Well, how about a little long pig?


http://edition.cnn.com/2013/05/01/us/jamestown-cannibalism/index.html?hpt=us_r1

Thanks, KJ!

Civil Liberties in Times of Emergency

With the capture and arrest of the suspect in the Boston Marathon bombings, there are three opinion pieces I want you to read, as well as the first three paragraphs in particular from the front page of Thursday’s paper. As you hopefully know, at first authorities considered charging the surviving bomber as an enemy combatant, and deliberately decided not to Mirandize him once he regained consciousness. Remember that he is a naturalized US citizen captured on American soil and has so far not been tied to any international terrorist organizations.


http://www.stltoday.com/news/national/boston-bomb-investigation-extends-to-russia/article_047ec30a-d724-5b49-9811-c4c0941fd3dc.html
(first three paragraphs are particularly important).

First, from an editorial from the Post-Dispatch:
http://www.stltoday.com/news/opinion/columns/the-platform/editorial-president-or-terror-suspect-the-rule-of-law-applies/article_411048ff-1e15-5032-8b1c-9756bc4a7d93.html

And this one from conservative commentator George Will:
http://www.stltoday.com/news/opinion/columns/george-will/george-will-the-shame-of-deference/article_20bdbf54-e3fd-5fdb-aab5-7d8bb93e623e.html

And from moderate Kathleen Parker:
http://www.stltoday.com/news/opinion/columns/kathleen-parker/kathleen-parker-the-terror-of-not-knowing/article_033f880d-56ef-5535-b1c5-0b7df2d2b74b.html

This is a great chance to APPLY what we learn and use it to determine our course of action. It is also a good chance to review the Constitutional Amendments and Supreme Court decisions as well as other historical precedents that apply to our understanding of  civil liberties. We will be discussing this in class next Tuesday, April 30. Take notes and CONSIDER your answer to these questions:

What are civil liberties? What is the purpose of civil liberties? Are they negotiable or variable? What does history show us about limitations on civil liberties in times of war or crisis? What points does George Will make about previous instances of racially-based civil liberties decisions? What point does Kathleen Parker make about the ease of stripping those perceived as “alien” or “other” of their rights and claims to humanity?

Here is a link outlining very briefly the current case law on the matter of enemy combatants and civil liberties:
http://web.law.duke.edu/publiclaw/civil/index.php?action=showtopic&topicid=24

Atlantis found?

Just thought this was interesting…


http://www.theaustralian.com.au/higher-education/lost-continent-found-off-africa/story-e6frgcjx-1226583761275

Capone’s tradition of corruption lives on in Chicago…

Isn’t this just perfect timing?

http://news.yahoo.com/corruption-still-rife-chicago-years-al-capone-study-202412176.html
:

Al Capone--NOT one of our senior classmates who hangs out in my room 5th period!!!

CHICAGO (Reuters) – The city where gangster Al Capone once kept the mayor on his payroll ranked first in public corruption convictions over the past three decades though the recent pace, perhaps because lessons have been learned or due to earnest prosecutors, researchers said on Wednesday.

“We here lead the country in corruption, just like in Al Capone’s era of corrupting Mayor Big Bill Thompson” during the 1920s, said University of Illinois at Chicago political scientist and former city alderman Dick Simpson, who spoke to reporters before testifying to a city task force on ethics.

An analysis of U.S. Department of Justice statistics by a team led by Simpson showed the Northern District of Illinois, which includes Chicago, led all 94 federal districts with 1,531 convictions for public corruption since 1976.

The California district that includes Los Angeles ranked second in the period with 1,275 convictions and the district covering New York City’s Manhattan was third with 1,202. Both have larger populations than Chicago’s district.

Still, there was a pronounced decline in federal corruption cases in the Chicago region after it led the nation with 610 convictions during the 1990s. Between 2000 and 2009, the Chicago district had 367 convictions and in 2010 there were 46, ranking the city fourth during both periods.

“The lessons of the earlier 25 years probably had an effect,” said political analyst Don Rose, who was not involved in the research. “The politicians saw the dire consequences of getting caught, and the voters may have taken more care in selecting who represented them.”

Hard-charging federal prosecutors beginning with Jim Thompson in the 1970s, who was elected Illinois governor in 1976, and current U.S. Attorney Patrick Fitzgerald beginning in 2001, also struck fear into tempted officials, Rose said.

The report showed Illinois, the fifth-most populous state, was also rife with public corruption, ranking third behind much-larger New York and California in public corruption convictions between 1976 and 2010, the last year for which data was collected.

Illinois’ last two governors and four out of the past seven were convicted of federal crimes. Simpson singled out the state capital of Springfield as sorely in need of reform.

Besides the four governors, prosecutors in Illinois have ensnared two U.S. Congressmen, a state treasurer, an attorney general, the state’s auditor, seven state lawmakers, numerous judges, appointed local officials, policemen, and city inspectors since 1976.

Only the District of Columbia and Louisiana had higher rates of public corruption than Illinois on a per capita basis, according to the report produced by Simpson and Jim Nowlan of the University of Illinois’ Institute of Government and Public Affairs.

Simpson, an academic who was elected alderman in 1971 as an opponent of Chicago’s Democratic political machine and reelected in 1975 before leaving the city council to return to academia, said he believed most public officials convicted of cheating or stealing “don’t ever think they’re going to be caught.

“For every public official caught, there are 10 others involved in the scheme who weren’t,” he added.

There were signs in the year-old administration of Mayor Rahm Emanuel of increasing transparency in government contracts and a dismantling of what Simpson derided as “the old boy network” that dominated city-directed business for years and bred corruption.

The 5,000-strong patronage army of city workers once controlled by Emanuel’s predecessor, Mayor Richard Daley, had shrunk, though that was largely due to the paring of city payrolls due to budget cuts, Simpson said.

“Clearly something has to be done to stem corruption” in Chicago and in Illinois, he said, citing citizen outrage evident in public opinion polls.

Simpson recommended expanded oversight by the city’s inspector general, and stricter ethics and campaign finance laws to get rid of gifts to politicians, lobbying by public officials, nepotism and patronage in hiring.

Funeral for Last Combat Veteran and Service Member of World War I- Updated

If you click on the links, you can see video, but at least here are the stories.


http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-13471070

Charles Coules of Australia was the last surviving combat veteran of World War I.

From May 20, 2011:
The world’s last known combat veteran of World War I, Claude Choules, has been laid to rest in Australia.

British-born Mr Choules died in his sleep at a nursing home two weeks ago. He was 110 years old.

At the naval funeral ceremony, his son Adrian urged mourners not to be sad, saying his father had had “a very long life and a very wonderful life”.

Mr Choules began training with the Royal Navy at age 15 and transferred to the Australian Navy in the 1920s.

He served in the military until 1956.

The naval ceremony included a traditional gunfire salute, honouring the life of Chief Petty Officer Choules, which spanned some of the most significant events in 20th Century maritime history.

“By gathering here to remember, we are also gathering to mark the passing of the Great War into history as the last links break between those who were there and we who remember them,” Chief of Navy Vice-Admiral Russ Crane said at the ceremony in the port town of Fremantle.

Mr Choules is survived by two daughters, a son and 11 grandchildren. His wife Ethel Choules died three years ago.

Mr Choules remembered WWI as a “tough” life, marked by occasional moments of extreme danger.

Despite his military record, Mr Choules became a pacifist. He was known to have disagreed with the celebration of Australia’s most important war memorial holiday, Anzac Day.

The world’s last known surviving service member of WWI is now thought to be Florence Green, who turned 110 in February. She was a waitress in the Women’s Royal Air Force.

And Florence Green has now passed away on February 7, 2012:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-norfolk-16929653

A woman thought to be the world’s last known surviving service member of World War I has died aged 110.

Florence Green, from King’s Lynn, Norfolk, served as a mess steward at RAF bases in Marham and Narborough.

She died in her sleep on Saturday night at Briar House care home, King’s Lynn. Mrs Green had been due to celebrate her 111th birthday on 19 February.

The world’s last known combat veteran of World War I, Briton Claude Choules, died in Australia aged 110 in May 2011.

The last three World War I veterans living in the UK – Bill Stone, Henry Allingham and Harry Patch – all died in 2009.
‘Wonderful mother’

Mrs Green leaves behind three children, four grandchildren and seven great grandchildren.

Her husband Walter – an army veteran who served in both world wars and a porter at King’s Lynn station – died aged 82 in about 1975, one of her daughters said.

The 110-year-old had been at the care home since the end of November. She previously lived in King’s Lynn with her daughter May, aged 90.

Mrs Green’s other daughter June Evetts, 76, lives in Oundle, Northamptonshire, and her son Bob, 85, lives in Edinburgh.

Born in London before moving to Norfolk, Mrs Green was 17 years old when she joined the Women’s Royal Air Force (WRAF) on 13 September 1918 – two months before the armistice.
Florence Green Mrs Green worked as a waitress on RAF bases in Norfolk

She left on 18 July 1919.

In 2010 Mrs Green’s story emerged after a researcher uncovered her records.

Mrs Evetts said: “She was just the most wonderful mother you could ask for. No-one had a bad word to say about her.”

She said her mother had rarely talked about her work with the WRAF as she “didn’t like to blow her own trumpet”, but added she was “proud of her service and loved the people she worked with”.

“I’m ever so proud of her. It’s such an achievement to be that last person,” Mrs Evetts said.

After she left the WRAF, the mess steward married at the age of 19 and worked for much of her life at a hotel in King’s Lynn.

In her spare time she was heavily involved with the Royal British Legion and knitted clothes and toys for children.

Mrs Evetts said her mother used to crochet blankets for children at the local Queen Elizabeth Hospital up until her 90s.

Sue Bray, administrator at Mrs Green’s care home, said: “She really was a lovely lady. Everyone thought a lot of her. She will be sadly missed.”

Group Captain David Cooper, station commander at RAF Marham, said in a statement he was very sad to hear that Mrs Green had died and added members of the airforce would be at her funeral.
‘Good time’

Speaking to the BBC in 2010, Mrs Green said she had served breakfast, lunch and tea in the WRAF and had got to know many different people during her service.

She added she “learned a lot of different things” and had a “good time” there.

According to The National Archives, the WRAF was created to free up men for active service.

It said women had to undertake a variety of jobs and were used as drivers, mechanics, cooks and office clerks.

At first they were based in Britain, but later about 500 women served in France and Germany.

The WRAF was disbanded on 1 April 1920.

At the start of World War II, the Women’s Auxiliary Air Force was formed and renamed the Women’s Royal Air Force on 1 February 1949.

Mrs Green’s funeral will be held at Mintlyn Crematorium, Bawsey, in Norfolk, on 16 February, her funeral directors confirmed.

Preserved trench from WWI discovered in France

Click on this link from last week’s news. Trust me– it’s fascinating and there are great pictures! It’s not gross!


http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2099187/Bodies-21-German-soldiers-buried-alive-WW1-trench-perfectly-preserved-94-years-later.html

The 14th Amendment, the Debt Ceiling,and the Trillion Dollar Coin all walk into a bar….

Yes, it DOES sound like a joke, but it’s not.
As you know, we just got finished with a standoff over the Congressionally-created crisis known as the “financial cliff,” and now, we have to deal with the impending need to raise the debt ceiling in a few weeks. There have been two particularly interesting ideas put forth to allow President Obama to bypass Congress: The 14th Amendment and a trillion (yes!) dollar coin. We discussed this in class today, but here are the links for you to peruse.

So here’s a link to the discussion on the use of the 14th Amendment to unilaterally allow the president to raise the debt ceiling:
http://www.boston.com/news/politics/articles/2011/07/31/possible_legal_loophole_would_be_risky_for_obama/

and here:
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/25/us/politics/25legal.html?_r=0

Then there’s the discussion of the Trillion Dollar platinum coin:

http://money.cnn.com/2013/01/09/news/economy/platinum-coin-debt-ceiling/

This has been suggested by people such as President Clinton and Paul Krugman, who is the owner of a Nobel Prize in economics (as well as being a liberal columnist)’ Here’s Krugman’s take:
http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/01/07/be-ready-to-mint-that-coin/

All this, instead of just negotiating a compromise. Sigh.

General Norman Schwarzkopf, Commander of the Persian Gulf War, 1931-2012

NormanS6-620x404

America lost a great patriot and military tactician when General Norman Schwarzkopf passed away on December 27.

Norman-SchwarzkopfKnown as “Stormin’ Norman,” he was one of the most public faces of the multinational war fought to drive Iraq out of Kuwait in 1991. Schwarzkopf, along with General Colin Powell (see picture to the right– Powell was later secretary of state under George W. Bush) who was Gen. Schwarzkopf’s commander as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, was launched into the public eye as the man who created the 100- hour offensive that crushed the Iraqi hold on Kuwait and drove them back into their own territory.

Here is a good link, including video, from CNN.com:

http://www.cnn.com/2012/12/27/us/schwarzkopf-obit/index.html

He was a great hero, and a national treasure.

Gen. Norman Schwarzkopf 1934-2012 Desert Storm Commander

The 150th Anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation

Yesterday was the 150th anniversary of the date in 1863 when the Emancipation Proclamation took effect.

Here is an actual photocopy from the National Archives:
http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_documents/emancipation_proclamation/
.

Here is a really good article from the Atlantic Monthly which provides some historical evaluation of this important document:
http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/01/the-wholly-misunderstood-emancipation-proclamation/266741/

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